# Pressure Conversion

The Pressure Conversion tool converts between different pressure units used in brewing.

## How to Use

1. **Enter a value** in any pressure unit field
2. **View instant conversions** - All other units update automatically
3. The tool remembers your last entered value

## Supported Units

* **Bar**: Metric pressure unit
* **PSI** (Pounds per Square Inch): US standard
* **kPa** (Kilopascals): SI unit
* **Atmospheres (atm)**: Standard atmosphere

## Carbonation Pressures

### At 3.3°C (38°F)

* **2.0 vols CO2**: 0.34 bar (5 PSI)
* **2.5 vols CO2**: 0.69 bar (10 PSI)
* **3.0 vols CO2**: 1.10 bar (16 PSI)
* **3.5 vols CO2**: 1.45 bar (21 PSI)

### Temperature Adjustment

Higher temperatures require more pressure:

* Add \~0.07 bar per 1°C increase (\~1 PSI per 2°F)
* Subtract \~0.07 bar per 1°C decrease (\~1 PSI per 2°F)

## Serving Pressures

### Typical Settings

* **Ales**: 0.69-0.83 bar (10-12 PSI)
* **Lagers**: 0.83-0.97 bar (12-14 PSI)
* **Wheat Beers**: 0.97-1.24 bar (14-18 PSI)
* **Belgian Ales**: 0.83-1.10 bar (12-16 PSI)

### Line Resistance

Add pressure for:

* Vertical lift: 0.05 bar per meter (0.5 PSI per foot)
* Line length: Varies by diameter
* Flow restrictors: Check specs

## Pressure Relief

### Safety Limits

* **Corny Kegs**: 9 bar max (130 PSI)
* **Sanke Kegs**: 4 bar typical (60 PSI)
* **PET Bottles**: 4 bar max (60 PSI)
* **Glass Bottles**: 3.5 bar typical (50 PSI)

### PRV Settings

* Set 0.7-1.0 bar (10-15 PSI) above serving
* Test regularly
* Replace if faulty

## Practical Applications

### Force Carbonation

* Burst carb: 2.0-2.8 bar (30-40 PSI)
* Set and forget: 0.83-0.97 bar (12-14 PSI)
* Adjust for temperature

### Pressure Testing

* Check for leaks: 1.4-2.0 bar (20-30 PSI)
* Seal testing: 0.34-0.69 bar (5-10 PSI)
* System pressure checks

### Altitude Adjustments

* Lower atmospheric pressure
* Affects carbonation levels
* Adjust accordingly

## Quick Reference

### Common Conversions

* 0.69 bar = 10 PSI
* 1.03 bar = 15 PSI
* 1 bar = 14.5 PSI
* 2.07 bar = 30 PSI

## Tips

* Use accurate pressure gauges
* Check regularly as pressure can drift
* Always use pressure relief valves for safety

## Related docs

* [Carbonation Calculator](https://docs.brewfather.app/tools/carbonation)


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